![]() Single file template: all code lives in a single app.py file.I’ve found that I use one of three basic app structures. Structuring Flask apps is where things start to get opinionated. The only effect this has on a normal Flask application is toggling debugging mode, which is enabled for 'development' and disabled for 'production'.ĭebugging mode enables the interactive debugger and automatic file reloader. You can use your own ones as well ( e.g., 'staging'). The other useful variable to set is FLASK_ENV, which typically takes the values 'development' or 'production'. For example, using a file called app.py and initializing Flask within a create_app() app factory function within will not require setting the FLASK_APP variable. The application structures presented later in this document adhere to these conventions so do not require explicitly setting FLASK_APP. If the specified instance is a function, you can pass it arguments here Following that, it searches for functions called create_app() and make_app(). If unspecified, Flask searches in order for: variables named app, application and finally any other variables of type Flask. This can be the name of a flask.Flask instance variable or a function that returns one. If unspecified, it searches, by default, for files named app.py and wsgi.py. This can be a file module ( e.g., myapp for myapp.py). If unspecified, it defaults to the current directory. The directory to cd into before searching. ![]() The format of FLASK_APP is as follows: export FLASK_APP= That means, if you structure your app in a way that Flask expects, you don’t need to bother setting up the FLASK_APP environment variable. To make things easier for you, Flask goes through a sequence of steps to try and automatically find your Flask app instance. It can get a little confusing so below is a quick reference on how to set it. That is, to find an instance of the flask.Flask class to serve. The FLASK_APP environment variable is used by the Flask development server to locate your application instance. The Flask dev server looks to the FLASK_APP variable to find your app, which you can optionally set (see table below). venv' Development Serverįlask comes with a development server built in. bash_profile: alias venv= 'python3 -m venv. venv pattern so often that I have the following alias in my. gitignore so it stays out of my source repository. venv so that it’s not part of directory listings. I like to create the virtual environment in a hidden folder called. You don’t need to install an external tool like virtualenv (which may be familiar to users of older versions of Python). Since Python 3.3 the venv standard library module lets you create isolated virtual environments. Setup and initialize Flask with the following three commands: $ python3 -m venv. These will likely be the subject of future guides. These features, while essential to many APIs today, sit one layer above the topics covered in this guide. This includes authentication, authorization, dealing with payments and subscriptions and so on. Database setup and data modelling, which is a vast enough topic to deserve its own guide, probably in the near future.This guide specifically assumes you’re going to be developing the frontend and backend separately (generally a good idea). Anything pertaining to non-API Flask apps, which includes templates, sessions and form support in Flask.The below topics ARE covered in this guide: Prerequisites: I’m assuming you are well-versed in Python and have some experience with Flask. It is not intended as a beginner Flask tutorial or comprehensive documentation of Flask functionality, but rather occupies a middle ground between them. It is intended as an opinionated reference, and covers most of Flask’s surface area that I’ve had to use over the years across dozens of side projects. This is a concise, no-nonsense guide to the parts of Flask that are relevant toīuilding APIs.
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